Stops: we stop the air, building up pressure,then release
Fricatives: we close off the air enough to make a noisy friction sound
Affricates: we stop, then release with a fricative
Nasals: we close off all the air so it can't release from the mouth, instead it goes through the nose
Liquids: we close off the air without enough to make a friction sound
Glides: we move from one articulation to another quickly, almost like 2 vowels together
Flap: we stop the air briefly but without building up any pressure
Try some words:
Stops: top, dog
Fricatives: fifth, she’s, vision
Affricates: judge, each, edge, chop
Liquids: really, rare,
Glides, why, you